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New International Effort To Uncover Microbial Diversity In World's Oceans
Woods Hole MA (SPX) Nov 30, 2004 In an unprecedented effort to catalog the Earth's known marine microbes, and explore the ocean's yet untold microbial diversity, Mitchell L. Sogin, Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory's (MBL'S) Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, and Jan W. de Leeuw, Senior Scientist at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), have launched the International Census of Marine Microbes, the first global effort to focus on the biodiversity of single-celled organisms in the world's oceans. The project is part of the 10-year, $1 billion Census of Marine Life, a massive collaboration to catalog and map marine species worldwide involving hundreds of scientists in more than 70 countries. The International Census of Marine Microbes (or ICoMM) project is supported with a seed grant of $900,000 from the New York-based Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, established in 1934 by Alfred Pritchard Sloan, Jr., then president and chief executive officer of the General Motors Corporation. The Sloan Foundation has been a primary supporter of the ambitious Census of Marine Life project since its inception nearly five years ago. The world's oceans are teeming with microscopic life forms. Most of the Earth's biodiversity is microbial in nature, particularly in the oceans where microorganisms account for more than 90 percent of the biomass. For more than three billion years, these creatures have mediated critical processes that shaped the planet's habitability. The goal of ICoMM is to report what is known, what is unknown but knowable, and what may never be known about the biodiversity of marine microorganisms by 2010. In addition to cataloging existing and discovering new organisms, the project aims to understand the evolutionary and ecological processes by which marine microbial diversity has been created and is maintained. The project marks the first global effort to acquire information about diversity and distribution of single-celled organisms and associated viruses from the three domains of life in the world's oceans - Bacteria, Archaea, and Protista. "Given the vast marine microbial diversity existing in the world's oceans, with approximately one million microbes per milliliter of seawater and one billion bacteria per gram of sediment, this plan to develop a database on marine microbes linked to genomic and other data is an extremely critical and timely venture," said Sogin. ICoMM joins a dozen other Census of Marine Life (CoML) research projects currently underway around the world. Unlike other CoML initiatives that focus on geographical locations or restricted environments, ICoMM will embrace a world-wide strategy to explore the diversity and distribution patterns of all kinds of single-cell organisms in marine environments. "Understanding the diversity of marine microbes is a mega-science problem that requires new approaches to mapping diversity, grand strategies, integration of diverse communities, and enabling studies that will explore processes--whether ecological or evolutionary," said Sogin. "A problem of this magnitude requires careful planning and international cooperation." Over the next two years, ICoMM organizers will focus on building a framework for the mammoth undertaking. Led by Sogin and de Leeuw, a core group of investigators from the MBL, the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and the Netherlands Institute of Ecology will coordinate ICoMM's scientific activities. The organizers have assembled an advisory committee and three working groups of marine microbiologists charged with developing research priorities and experimental plans. In addition, the MBL team is about to begin work on a database that will organize and manage the unprecedented volume of morphological and molecular data IcoMM will produce. Sogin and his colleagues expect to eventually support pilot projects with the potential to shape larger-scale research initiatives in marine microbial diversity. Their hope is that these projects will generate additional support from governmental agencies and private foundations. "The scope of ICoMM's activities by 2010 will be proportional to available resources from foundations and governmental funding agencies," Sogin noted. "The dynamic range of resource requirements for science to be promoted by ICoMM will range from tens of millions to multiple billions of dollars." Community Email This Article Comment On This Article Related Links The Marine Biological Laboratory The Census of Marine Life SpaceDaily Search SpaceDaily Subscribe To SpaceDaily Express Dirt, rocks and all the stuff we stand on firmly
Magnetic Reconnection Region Larger Than 2.5 Million Km Found In The Solar Wind
Paris (ESA) Jan 12, 2006Using the ESA Cluster spacecraft and the NASA Wind and ACE satellites, a team of American and European scientists have discovered the largest jets of particles created between the Earth and the Sun by magnetic reconnection. This result makes the cover of this week's issue of Nature. |
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