"This is the long-awaited moment when we put our flight spacecraft together in one piece. Even the engineers who have worked on it for years are impressed by the size and complexity of the satellite" says Peter Dubock, Envisat's Integration Manager.

Mating of the payload module with the service module of Europe's largest ever environmental satellite is currently under way at ESA's test facilities in the Netherlands.

Cranes in the clean-room, manoeuvred with extreme precision, will lower the 6 t, 7 m payload module vertically onto the service module. When the interface rings are bolted together, Envisat will stand over 10 m tall and the two elements combined will weigh over 8 t.

The large, modular construction provides accessible accommodation and an unobstructed field of view for the various instruments.

During Envisat's operational phase, scheduled to last at least 5 years, the ten highly advanced instruments on board will help European scientists advance our understanding of global warming, climate change, ozone depletion, and changes in the oceans, ice sheets, vegetation and atmospheric composition.

Thanks in particular to the advanced radar on board, Envisat will produce -- day and night and in all weathers -- high-quality images of the oceans, coastal zones, polar ice and land regions by bouncing microwaves off the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected radiation.

Envisat (Artist's view) Envisat is a truly advanced Earth observing satellite with a unique combination of sensors tht will vastly improve the range and accuracy of scientific measurements of the atmosphere,oceans,land surface and ice.Its total range of capabilities far exceeds those of any previous or planned Earth observation satellite.It will be launched in the year 2000 by an Ariane 5. Photo by Denman productions for ESA

Once in orbit, the huge 15 m solar array powering the instruments will make the satellite's overall span an impressive 25 m. It is to be integrated in about three months, just before the complete spacecraft is submitted to mechanical testing, including deployment of the solar array.

Last August, the two spacecraft modules were submitted to thermal environment tests in ESTEC's Large Space Simulator. This unique chamber, 10 m in diameter and 15 m high (the size of a 5-storey building), one of the largest in the world, simulates the vacuum, cold, heat and solar radiation conditions of space.

Temperatures in the chamber range from -190 to + 90 C, and a 6 m wide "sun", simulated by means of very powerful lamps, illuminates the satellite and its components.

Next August, Envisat will be submitted to acoustic tests in the Large European Acoustic Chamber (LEAF), also at ESTEC. Vibration tests, to check the satellite's ability to cope with the strong vibrations it will experience during the launch phase, will then be performed on the HYDRA hydraulic shaker in autumn.

With its eight actuators delivering a force of 60 kN each, the HYDRA is one of the largest test facilities of its kind. ESTEC is thus one of the most complete tests centres in the world.

Over 100 highly skilled specialists from ESA and European companies, led by the prime contractors Matra-Marconi Space (UK) for the satellite platform and DaimlerChrysler-Dornier Satellitensysteme (D) for the payload, are currently involved in the testing of Envisat. In March next year the spacecraft will finally be prepared for shipment to Kourou by air.

Scheduled for launch on an Ariane 5 in June 2001, Envisat will orbit around the poles of the Earth with an inclination of 98 degrees at an altitude of 800 km.

The orbital period (the time needed to complete each orbit) is one hour 40 minutes and the repeat cycle (the time needed to pass over exactly the same spot of our planet) is 35 days.

ESA's European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) in Darmstadt, Germany, will be responsible for command and control of Envisat, with payload data handling and distribution being coordinated by ESRIN, the Agency's data processing facility in Frascati, Italy.

Once in orbit, Envisat will provide international scientists with remote sensing data to chart, document and forecast changes in our environment and climate, helping Europe to meet the environment and economic challenges of the 21st Century.

Envisat

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Satellite Launch To Boost DTH In India
Calcutta, India (SPX) Dec 28, 2005
The successful launch Thursday of India's heaviest satellite from spaceport of Kourou in French Guyana may have boosted the country's space research efforts to yet another level, but it has also lifted the spirits of at least three Direct-To-Home televisions broadcasters, one of which has been waiting for years to launch its services in India.