Energy News  
WATER WORLD
Algae team rosters could help ID 'super corals'
by Staff Writers
Houston TX (SPX) Feb 17, 2020

Researchers examined the relationship between dinoflagellate symbiont diversity and coral host tolerance to climate stressors. The worst-performing coral colonies had more diverse symbiont communities (more colorful bars) under ambient conditions relative to best-performing corals (less colorful bars). Worst-performing coral colonies also became more variable (arrows) after exposure to stress treatments, whereas best-performing colonies remained uniform (no arrows).

U.S. and Australian researchers have found a potential tool for identifying "super corals" that can tolerate a limited amount of climate change.

"We may be able to use algae team characteristics to identify coral colonies to focus on for conservation or restoration,'" said veteran reef researcher Adrienne Correa, a Rice University marine biologist and co-author of a newly published study in the journal Global Change Biology. "It's not sufficient - if we don't limit carbon dioxide emissions, it's not going to be enough to save coral reefs - but it's exciting."

In the study, marine biologists from the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) gathered corals from the Great Barrier Reef and used separately controlled tanks to compare how well they responded to rising ocean temperatures, increased acidity and exposure to bacterial pests.

A look at the symbiotic algae inside the corals revealed an interesting dynamic: Corals with more similar groups of algae survived better under stress.

"What's unique about this project is that we looked at the whole community of symbiotic algae in relation to coral stress tolerance in these colonies," said Rice graduate student and study lead co-author Lauren Howe-Kerr.

"It's like looking at all the players on a sports team together as you try to predict how their next season might go," said Correa, Howe-Kerr's Ph.D. advisor and an assistant professor of biosciences at Rice. "Individual talent is important, but so is the team that talent works with."

Howe-Kerr began her research during a 2016 undergraduate study abroad semester at AIMS in Townsville, Queensland. While others examined the corals' evolution of resistance to the experimental stresses, she focused on their single-celled partners, a kind of algae called dinoflagellates.

In exchange for a protected life inside corals, dinoflagellates help feed their hosts by converting sunlight into food. They also impart the vibrant colors that are seen in reefs. A single coral colony can be home to multiple species of dinoflagellates. And while they may look identical under a microscope, the differences between groups are detectable by DNA analysis.

In the Global Change Biology study, Howe-Kerr, Correa and co-authors, including Benedicte Bachelot of Rice and Line Bay of AIMS, showed how symbiont community diversity might be used to predict coral stress response.

"In the past, a lot of studies have looked for 'savior' symbionts, specific types that provide the coral colony with extra stress tolerance," Correa said. "Lauren had the great idea to look at how the microbiome, or this symbiotic community of dinoflagellates, holistically related to stress response."

Correa said the study did not directly test how well the symbionts worked together as a team.

"That's a next step, but for this study we just know the roster of players, or species, on each team," she said. "We know that the team rosters for poorly performing corals contain more variable symbiont communities than the rosters for the best performers. And that tells us that the identity of specific symbionts, or players, isn't the only important factor."

In the study, corals were subjected to 10-day stress tests in flow-through seawater tanks at the AIMS National Sea Simulator. In independently controlled tanks, fragments of each of the colonies were exposed to the kinds of stress corals undergo as a result of human-caused climate change. In one set of tanks, temperatures gradually increased from 27 to 30 degrees Celsius (80.6 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit).

In another, dissolved carbon dioxide was added to the seawater to simulate ocean acidification. The pH in these tanks dropped gradually from 8.0 to 7.8 during the 10-day test. A third group of tanks simulated the stress caused by bacterial pathogens on reefs. Corals in a fourth set of tanks were simultaneously exposed to all three stresses, and the experiment also included a control, a fifth group of tanks where corals were stress-free.

Howe-Kerr compared the communal structures of dinoflagellate symbionts in two groups of corals: the four colonies that responded best to the stresses and the four that responded worst.

"In the best-performing corals, we saw a more constrained community that changed very little, no matter which stress they experienced." she said. "In contrast, the colonies that performed poorly under stress had community characteristics that varied. You could even see this in the controls, which hadn't experienced stress."

The results suggest that the symbiont communities in the best performers are working well together and with their coral host, both under good conditions and under stress. In the worst performers, the diversity of patterns instead suggests that some corals aren't as good at controlling their microbiome, and under stress, their dinoflagellate teams can go haywire.

Correa said the results suggest that the coral symbiont microbiome is subject to the "Anna Karenina principle," a scientific paradigm described by the first sentence of Leo Tolstoy's 1878 novel "Anna Karenina": "Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."

Tolstoy was no scientist, but his insight into human family dynamics was so keen that scientists have adapted it as a general concept for success and failure in complex systems. In complex undertakings that depend upon many factors, and where each factor is critical for success, the principle means that a single deficiency, in any factor, can spell failure. But because there are so many ways to fail, no two failures play out the same. Successes, in contrast, tend to look the same, because each is a case with no critical failure.

The principle has been applied in statistics, economics, medicine, ecology and more, but Correa said this is the first application to the study of coral-dinoflagellate microbiomes.

Howe-Kerr said she is looking forward to seeing whether the results from the tank-based experiments also apply to corals experiencing stress on reefs.

"Over the past two years, we've been involved in a sampling effort in Mo'orea, French Polynesia, where we've tagged individual coral colonies all around the island," she said. "When I was there last summer, there was a massive bleaching event. Almost all of the colonies that we had already sampled in previous years bleached."

Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel their dinoflagellate partners in response to extreme stress. Coral bleaching has become increasingly common as ocean temperatures have increased over the past 40 years. Some corals survive bleaching, but many do not.

"Because of the work we've already done, there's an opportunity to test the tank-based findings on a large-scale around the island," Howe-Kerr said. "We want to see if it's possible to predict which corals ultimately survived the bleaching event based upon the prior makeup of their symbiont community."

Research paper


Related Links
Rice University
Water News - Science, Technology and Politics


Thanks for being here;
We need your help. The SpaceDaily news network continues to grow but revenues have never been harder to maintain.

With the rise of Ad Blockers, and Facebook - our traditional revenue sources via quality network advertising continues to decline. And unlike so many other news sites, we don't have a paywall - with those annoying usernames and passwords.

Our news coverage takes time and effort to publish 365 days a year.

If you find our news sites informative and useful then please consider becoming a regular supporter or for now make a one off contribution.
SpaceDaily Contributor
$5 Billed Once


credit card or paypal
SpaceDaily Monthly Supporter
$5 Billed Monthly


paypal only


WATER WORLD
Biologists publish first global map of fish genetic diversity
Washington DC (UPI) Feb 10, 2020
For the first time, scientists have published a world map of fish genetic diversity. Previous studies suggest the genetic diversity in an ecosystem declines more quickly in response to environmental stress than biodiversity, or the diversity of species. But until now, little was known about the genetic diversity of the world's fish populations. By mapping genetic diversity of marine and freshwater fish, researchers can gain new insight into ways environmental stressors, like warming temp ... read more

Comment using your Disqus, Facebook, Google or Twitter login.



Share this article via these popular social media networks
del.icio.usdel.icio.us DiggDigg RedditReddit GoogleGoogle

WATER WORLD
Carbon emissions from energy 'flat' in 2019: IEA

Model shows how to make on-farm sustainable energy projects profitable

EU chief pleads to save green deal in budget holed by Brexit

Eastern EU states opposed to 2050 zero-emissions goal

WATER WORLD
Movement of a liquid droplet generates over 5 volts of electricity

Niobium-based connector allows passage of data and electricity underwater for a variety of applications

Smoke, soot and sweat: Egypt's charcoal workers

Scientists learn more about the first hours of a lithium-ion battery's life

WATER WORLD
Iberdrola will build its next wind farm in Spain with the most powerful wind turbine

UK looks to offshore wind for green energy transition

Britain's green energy sector brightens: survey data

Consider marine life when implementing offshore renewable power

WATER WORLD
Russian scientists propose a technology reducing the cost of high-efficiency solar cells

NEDO and Panasonic hit 16.09% for largest-area perovskite solar cell module

Oblique electrostatic inject-deposited TiO2 film leads efficient perovskite solar cells

Simple, solar-powered water desalination

WATER WORLD
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy and CEZ signs small modular reactor tech deal with Czech Republic

Framatome signs contracts with Tennessee Valley Authority

GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy begins NRC licensing process for BWRX-300 Small Modular Reactor

Molecule modification could improve reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel

WATER WORLD
From petroleum to wood in the chemical industry: cost-efficient and more sustainable

Drilling a 3,000 meters deep well

Water-conducting membrane allows carbon dioxide to transform into fuel more efficiently

Vast amounts of valuable energy, nutrients, water lost in world's fast-rising wastewater streams

WATER WORLD
US to renew Iraq sanctions waiver for 45 days: official

Protecting pipelines during land movements

OPEC chops global oil demand growth forecast over China virus

BP targets net zero carbon emissions by 2050

WATER WORLD
UN fund seeks big budget boost to tackle climate fallout

Britain's COP26 climate talks 'can't fail': minister

Floods fail to end Australia's years-long drought

UN talks struggle to stave off climate chaos









The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2024 - Space Media Network. All websites are published in Australia and are solely subject to Australian law and governed by Fair Use principals for news reporting and research purposes. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA news reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. All articles labeled "by Staff Writers" include reports supplied to Space Media Network by industry news wires, PR agencies, corporate press officers and the like. Such articles are individually curated and edited by Space Media Network staff on the basis of the report's information value to our industry and professional readership. Advertising does not imply endorsement, agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Statement Our advertisers use various cookies and the like to deliver the best ad banner available at one time. All network advertising suppliers have GDPR policies (Legitimate Interest) that conform with EU regulations for data collection. By using our websites you consent to cookie based advertising. If you do not agree with this then you must stop using the websites from May 25, 2018. Privacy Statement. Additional information can be found here at About Us.