The quest for room-temperature superconductors

This breakthrough, soon to be published in *Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter*, demonstrates that the upper limit of superconducting temperature (TC) is intrinsically linked to fundamental physical constants, including electron mass, electron charge, and the Planck constant. These constants govern various natural phenomena, from atomic stability to stellar formation, and now appear to dictate the theoretical upper bounds of superconducting temperatures.

Superconductors, which can conduct electricity without resistance, hold transformative potential for fields such as energy transmission, quantum computing, and medical imaging. However, their reliance on extremely low operating temperatures has long hindered practical applications. The global search for materials that exhibit superconductivity under ambient conditions has remained one of the most challenging endeavors in condensed matter physics.

The findings of Professor Kostya Trachenko and his colleagues reveal that the upper limit for superconducting temperatures lies between hundreds to a thousand Kelvin, a range that comfortably encompasses room temperature. This insight provides a new perspective on the feasibility of achieving practical superconductors that do not require extreme cooling.

"This discovery tells us that room-temperature superconductivity is not ruled out by fundamental constants," stated Professor Pickard of the University of Cambridge, a co-author of the study. "It gives hope to scientists: the dream is still alive."

Adding credibility to the findings, independent research has confirmed these results. The implications extend beyond just superconductors; by analyzing how variations in fundamental constants would affect superconducting limits, the study provides a fascinating perspective on the nature of our Universe.

Professor Trachenko illustrates this point with an intriguing thought experiment: in a Universe where fundamental constants limit TC to a millionth of a Kelvin, superconductivity would be virtually undetectable. Conversely, if TC were set at a million Kelvin, superconducting materials might be as common as everyday conductors, fundamentally altering technologies such as electric kettles, where wires could superconduct instead of heating up.

This study not only advances the pursuit of practical superconductivity but also underscores the delicate interplay of physical constants that define the nature of our reality. For scientists and engineers, it serves as a motivational push. "The fact that room-temperature superconductivity is theoretically possible, given our Universe's constants, is encouraging," Professors Trachenko and Pickard assert. "It's a call to keep exploring, experimenting, and pushing the boundaries of what's possible."

Research Report:Upper bounds on the highest phonon frequency and superconducting temperature from fundamental physical constants