The achievement stems from a $6.4 million U.S. Department of Energy project initiated in 2020, focused on developing a direct-fired sCO2 oxy-fuel turbine. The effort, led by Senior Research Engineer Michael Marshall and Institute Engineer Dr. Jeff Moore, required advanced testing of materials under severe conditions.

"We evaluated turbine materials at constant temperatures and pressures with 100% sCO2. We assessed the performance of different materials and coatings under extreme conditions," said Dr. Florent Bocher, who directed materials engineering for the project.

Earlier records in the field cited a maximum of 800 degrees Celsius at 300 bar. SwRI's target was to exceed that by 350 degrees to match the operational goals of its turbine. However, traditional designs posed limitations, as vessel materials weaken at elevated temperatures.

To overcome this, SwRI engineered a novel solution by modifying an autoclave. They incorporated an internal induction heating coil while maintaining active external cooling. This configuration enabled the internal chamber to reach 1,150 degrees Celsius while preserving the vessel's pressure integrity.

"The new setup allows us to reach up to 1,150 degrees Celsius at 300 bar, significantly enhancing our capability to conduct tests under extreme conditions," Bocher said. "This advancement provides additional opportunities to support testing of other types of turbine materials."

Beyond sCO2 turbine work, this innovation is poised to benefit other high-demand applications, including molten salt systems, hypersonic technologies, and SwRI's own STEP Demo project-a $170 million, 10-megawatt sCO2 demonstration facility.

"This is a major accomplishment. SwRI's superior capabilities push the boundaries of what's possible in this field," Bocher said. "This new capability is crucial for both current and future research areas and technologies that demand extreme testing conditions."

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Hong Kong (AFP) May 20, 2025 - Chinese battery giant CATL ended its first day on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange more than 16 percent higher Tuesday, having raised US$4.6 billion in the world's biggest initial public offering this year.

A global leader in the sector, CATL produces more than a third of all electric vehicle (EV) batteries sold worldwide.

The firm has been buoyed by a rapid growth in China's domestic electric vehicle sector and it now works with major brands including Tesla, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Volkswagen.

However, it has also found itself in the crossfire of a superpower clash between Washington and Beijing for tech dominance, with Washington putting it on a blacklist naming it as a military company.

The firm is already traded in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen, and its plan for a secondary listing in Hong Kong was announced in December.

In morning trading its Hong Kong shares hit a high of HK$311.40 (US$39.92), up 18.4 percent from its listing price of HK$263.00.

The stock closed at HK$306.20.

"This listing signifies our deeper integration into the global capital markets and marks a new milestone in our mission to drive the global zero-carbon economy," CATL's founder and chairman Robin Zeng said at the firm's listing ceremony on Tuesday.

The raised funds could be used to accelerate its overseas expansion, including building its second European factory in Hungary after launching its first in Germany in January 2023.

The strong interest in the company's shares come even as it comes under the spotlight in the United States.

In a list issued in January by the US Defense Department, CATL was designated as a "Chinese military company".

The US House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party highlighted this inclusion in letters to two Wall Street banks in April, urging them to withdraw from the IPO deal over its alleged links to the military.

But the banks -- JPMorgan and Bank of America -- remain onboard.

- Hong Kong IPO goal -

Beijing has denounced the list as "suppression", while CATL denied engaging "in any military related activities".

CATL also said in May filings it was "proactively engaging" with the Pentagon to "address the false designation".

Founded in 2011 in the eastern Chinese city of Ningde, the company has been given strong financial support from Beijing, which has sought in recent years to shore up domestic strength in certain strategic high-tech sectors.

It has also weathered a fierce price war in China's expansive EV sector that has put smaller firms under huge pressure to compete while remaining financially viable.

Tuesday's blockbuster listing is also a boon for Hong Kong's stock exchange, which is eager for the return of big-name Chinese listings as it looks to regain its crown as the world's top venue for IPOs.

The Chinese finance hub saw a steady decline in new offerings after Beijing's regulatory crackdown starting in 2020 led some mainland mega-companies to put their plans on hold, while a strict security law added to the uncertainty for companies looking to list.

Data from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange shows it is processing dozens of applications from Chinese companies this year.

Analysts said Tuesday's IPO showcases Hong Kong's role as a place for Chinese companies to raise capital.

"We are also seeing a rising demand on portfolio diversification away from US dollar-denominated assets, underscored by the recent strength in the Hong Kong dollar," Jason Lui, head of APAC equity and derivative strategy at BNP Paribas, told AFP.

bur-oho-twa/mtp

Tesla

Mercedes-Benz Group

BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG

Volkswagen

J.P. MORGAN CHASE & CO

BANK OF AMERICA

BNP Paribas

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Tokyo, Japan (SPX) May 13, 2025 - A research team from Dongguk University, led by Associate Professor Geon-Hyoung An from the Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, has introduced a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries for industrial energy storage. Their work, recently published in the journal Advanced Energy Materials, explores the use of graphene-coated stainless steel foil (G@SSF-400) as a current collector for zinc-ion batteries.

Unlike conventional lithium-ion systems, which pose significant fire risks and high costs, zinc-ion batteries based on water-based electrolytes offer a safer, more cost-effective, and environmentally friendly option. However, existing zinc-ion battery designs often face scalability issues due to the limited mechanical strength and conductivity of commonly used current collectors like graphite foil.

The Dongguk University team's approach overcomes these challenges by using graphene-coated stainless steel, which can be mass-produced through a straightforward coating and heat treatment process to remove surface oxides. According to Prof. An, "The core innovation of the present study is the use of graphene-coated stainless-steel foil, or G@SSF-400, as a current collector for zinc-ion batteries. Unlike conventional collectors, our material can be produced through a simple graphene coating and heat treatment for surface oxide removal. This enables both industrial scalability and high electrochemical performance."

The new current collector demonstrated exceptional performance, including high specific capacities exceeding 1 mAh cm-2 and the ability to retain 88.7% of its capacity even after 1,500 charge-discharge cycles. These attributes are critical for large-scale, long-term energy storage solutions. Additionally, the technology's compatibility with roll-to-roll manufacturing processes supports industrial-scale production, making it a practical choice for integrating renewable energy sources into the grid.

"This technology is highly suitable for grid-scale energy storage systems, especially in the context of renewable energy integration. By enabling the use of water-based zinc-ion batteries, our approach provides a non-flammable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional lithium-ion systems," Prof. An added.

With these advancements, the G@SSF-400 current collector design positions zinc-ion batteries as a viable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage solution, potentially reducing the reliance on hazardous and costly lithium-based technologies. This breakthrough could significantly impact global energy storage, promoting wider access to renewable power and supporting a more resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

Research Report:Industrial Scalability of Zinc-Ion Batteries: Enhanced Electrochemical Performance with High Mass Loading Electrodes on Graphene-Coated Metal Current Collectors

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Hong Kong (AFP) May 12, 2025 - Chinese EV battery giant CATL aims to raise $4 billion in its Hong Kong listing scheduled for May 20, said a statement filed to the bourse Monday, making it the largest IPO expected in the city so far this year.

A global leader in the sector, CATL produces more than a third of all electric vehicle (EV) batteries sold worldwide, working with major brands including Tesla, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Volkswagen.

The company is already listed in Shenzhen, and its plan for a secondary listing in Hong Kong was announced in a December filing with the stock exchange.

According to a prospectus filed Monday, CATL will offer approximately 117.9 million units priced at up to HK$263 per share ($33.8) for total expected proceeds of HK$31.01 billion.

The listing is set to take place next Tuesday (May 20).

Cornerstone investors, including Sinopec and Kuwait Investment Authority, agreed to buy shares worth HK$2.62 billion, the prospectus shows.

Founded in 2011 in the eastern Chinese city of Ningde, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL) was initially propelled to success by rapid growth in the domestic market.

But the world's largest EV market has more recently begun to show signs of flagging sales amid a broader slowdown in consumption.

The trends have fuelled a fierce price war in China's expansive EV sector, putting smaller firms under huge pressure to compete while remaining financially viable.

But CATL continues to post solid performances, with its net profit jumping 32.9 percent in the first quarter.

Funds raised from a secondary listing could be used to accelerate CATL's overseas expansion, particularly in Europe.

The battery giant is building its second factory on the continent in Hungary after launching its first in Germany in January 2023.

In December, CATL announced that it would work with automotive giant Stellantis on a $4.3 billion factory to make EV batteries in Spain, with production slated to begin by the end of 2026.

- 'Military-linked company' -

Earlier analysts said CATL's float could be a blockbuster initial public offering that could boost Hong Kong's fortunes as a listing hub.

Hong Kong's stock exchange is eager for the return of big-name Chinese listings in hopes of regaining its crown as the world's top IPO venue.

The Chinese finance hub saw a steady decline in new offerings since Beijing's regulatory crackdown starting in 2020 led some Chinese mega-companies to put their plans on hold.

In a list issued in January by the US Defense Department, CATL was designated as a "Chinese military company".

The United States House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party highlighted this inclusion in letters to two American banks in April, urging them to withdraw from the IPO deal with the "Chinese military-linked company".

But the two American banks -- JPMorgan and Bank of America -- are still on the deal.

Beijing has denounced the list as "suppression", while CATL denied engaging "in any military related activities".

According to Bloomberg, CATL plans to make the deal as a "Reg S" offering, which doesn't allow sales to US onshore investors, limiting the company's exposure to legal risks in the United States.

jug-twa/dhc

Tesla

Mercedes-Benz Group

BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG

Volkswagen

Stellantis

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Los Angeles CA (SPX) May 06, 2025 - Abundant and affordable clean energy moved a step closer to realization thanks to a breakthrough by scientists from The University of Texas at Austin, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Type One Energy Group. Their work addresses a critical obstacle in developing viable fusion energy systems.

Fusion reactors aim to confine high-energy alpha particles to sustain the extreme plasma conditions required for fusion. However, particle leakage has long undermined this goal. Engineers have traditionally relied on complex magnetic confinement systems, but pinpointing and eliminating weak spots in the magnetic fields demanded significant computational resources.

In a new study published in Physical Review Letters, the team introduced a computational shortcut that allows engineers to design robust confinement systems for stellarators up to ten times faster than conventional methods, without compromising accuracy. This advance tackles the core challenge unique to stellarators, a class of fusion reactors proposed in the 1950s.

"What's most exciting is that we're solving something that's been an open problem for almost 70 years," said Josh Burby, UT physics assistant professor and lead author. "It's a paradigm shift in how we design these reactors."

Stellarators use external coils to generate magnetic fields that trap plasma, creating a so-called "magnetic bottle." While Newtonian mechanics can predict holes in this bottle with precision, the method is computationally intensive. Iterating over multiple design variations to fix field holes becomes practically unfeasible.

Engineers have instead turned to perturbation theory to estimate problem areas, trading speed for accuracy. The new approach uses symmetry theory to avoid both high computational costs and the inaccuracies of perturbation methods.

"There is currently no practical way to find a theoretical answer to the alpha-particle confinement question without our results," Burby said. "Direct application of Newton's laws is too expensive. Perturbation methods commit gross errors. Ours is the first theory that circumvents these pitfalls."

Beyond stellarators, this method also has implications for tokamaks, another leading magnetic fusion design. It may help predict where runaway electrons might breach reactor walls, thus supporting safer and more efficient fusion development.

Research Report:Nonperturbative Guiding Center Model for Magnetized Plasmas

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Sydney, Australia (SPX) May 06, 2025 - An international team of physicists has developed an advanced model that precisely predicts the energy thresholds critical to heavy-ion fusion reactions. By integrating the Skyrme energy density functional with reaction Q-values, the team formulated a new nucleus-nucleus potential that closely matches observed data across more than 440 fusion systems. This innovation is expected to improve experimental planning and accelerate efforts to synthesize superheavy elements.

The model, created through collaboration among researchers from Guangxi Normal University and other institutions, introduces a refined approach to calculating fusion barriers. Detailed in the journal Nuclear Science and Techniques, the model incorporates effects of nuclear deformation and reaction dynamics, achieving a root-mean-square error of just 1.53 MeV when compared with 443 measured barrier heights.

"Our approach bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental data," said Prof. Ning Wang, the study's lead author. "It provides a reliable tool for designing experiments particularly the optimal incident energy aimed at creating new elements."

The model's capabilities extend to predicting capture cross sections. By employing the Siwek-Wilczynski formula in tandem with their potential, the team accurately reproduced cross-section data for both spherical and deformed nuclei, including systems like calcium-48 and uranium-238. It also clarified why reactions with chromium and nickel isotopes show lower cross sections, an insight valuable for synthesizing superheavy elements such as 119 and 120.

The findings reveal that in heavy systems, shallow capture pockets and reduced barrier radii often hinder compound nucleus formation, leading instead to quasi-fission. These conclusions help guide experimental conditions at leading facilities such as the Superheavy Element Factory, maximizing efficiency and success rates.

Balancing precision with computational feasibility, the model enables widespread analysis across thousands of potential fusion reactions. Researchers anticipate that future applications could encompass astrophysical phenomena like neutron star mergers and benefit nuclear energy and medical isotope development.

"This work not only deepens our understanding of nuclear interactions but also opens doors to exploring uncharted regions of the periodic table," added Prof. Min Liu, a co-author of the study.

Research Report:Effective nucleus-nucleus potentials for heavy-ion fusion reactions

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Los Angeles CA (SPX) May 06, 2025 - Abundant and affordable clean energy from fusion took a leap forward as scientists at The University of Texas at Austin, in collaboration with Los Alamos National Laboratory and Type One Energy Group, resolved a longstanding obstacle in fusion reactor development.

Containing high-energy particles within fusion reactors has been a persistent challenge. When alpha particles escape the plasma, it prevents the core from reaching the temperature and density needed for sustained fusion. Engineers typically employ intricate magnetic confinement systems, yet these can have field gaps that are difficult and time-consuming to locate and fix.

The team, publishing in Physical Review Letters, introduced a new approach that accelerates the process of designing magnetic confinement systems for stellarators by a factor of ten compared to the conventional method, without compromising precision. This represents a major advance for stellarators, a reactor design dating back to the 1950s.

"What's most exciting is that we're solving something that's been an open problem for almost 70 years," said Josh Burby, assistant professor of physics at UT and the study's lead author. "It's a paradigm shift in how we design these reactors."

Stellarators use external coils to create magnetic fields that confine plasma, forming a so-called "magnetic bottle." Traditional modeling relies on Newtonian dynamics, which is highly accurate but computationally prohibitive, especially when evaluating numerous design variations. Simpler alternatives like perturbation theory are faster but prone to significant inaccuracies.

The new technique applies symmetry theory to bypass these issues, enabling accurate prediction of magnetic field gaps without exhaustive computation.

"There is currently no practical way to find a theoretical answer to the alpha-particle confinement question without our results," Burby noted. "Direct application of Newton's laws is too expensive. Perturbation methods commit gross errors. Ours is the first theory that circumvents these pitfalls."

Beyond stellarators, the approach can also address a critical concern in tokamak reactors involving runaway electrons, which risk damaging the reactor walls. The new model can pinpoint potential escape routes for these electrons as well.

Research Report:Nonperturbative Guiding Center Model for Magnetized Plasmas

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST University Park PA (SPX) May 06, 2025 - Lithium-ion batteries have been a staple in device manufacturing for years, but the liquid electrolytes they rely on to function are quite unstable, leading to fire hazards and safety concerns. Now, researchers at Penn State are pursuing a reliable alternative energy storage solution for use in laptops, phones and electric vehicles: solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).

According to Hongtao Sun, assistant professor of industrial and manufacturing engineering, solid-state batteries - which use SSEs instead of liquid electrolytes - are a leading alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries. He explained that although there are key differences, the batteries operate similarly at a fundamental level.

"Rechargeable batteries contain two internal electrodes: an anode on one side and a cathode on the other," Sun said. "Electrolytes serve as a bridge between these two electrodes, providing fast transport for conductivity. Lithium-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes, while solid-state batteries use SSEs."

Solid-state batteries offer improved stability and safety when compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries but face several manufacturing and conductivity challenges, Sun explained. For example, the high temperatures introduced in the fabrication process, especially with ceramic-based SSEs, can hinder their production and practical implementation.

To overcome this challenge, Sun and his team used a technique known as cold sintering - a process where powdered materials are heated, treated with a liquid solvent, and compressed into a denser form - to incorporate a highly conductive ceramic-polymer composite SSE known as LATP-PILG. The method is referred to as "cold" because it operates at significantly lower processing temperatures than traditional sintering, instead relying on applied pressure and a small amount of liquid solvent to complete the process. They published their approach in Materials Today Energy.

Traditional ceramic-based SSEs are typically composed of polycrystalline grains - materials made up of hundreds of tiny crystals - separated by grain boundaries. According to Sun, these grain boundaries are considered defects that hinder the transport of conductive ions. To reduce conduction loss in ceramic-based SSEs, Sun's team co-sintered a poly-ionic liquid gel (PILG) with LATP ceramics to form a polymer-in-ceramic composite SSE, an ideal material for use due to its stability and high conductivity.

The PILG acts as a highly conductive "grain boundary" in the SSE, facilitating ion transport across engineered boundaries rather than through defect-prone natural interfaces. Sun said the team initially attempted to use traditional high temperature sintering to develop their new SSEs, but they immediately ran into problems.

"One of the fabrication challenges of LATP-based composite SSEs is that the sintering temperature for ceramic is very high, to the point that traditional sintering would actually burn up any additives such as the polymer compound before the ceramic could be properly densified," Sun said. "This is why we had to implement cold sintering, to keep temperatures much lower."

Cold sintering technology was originally developed in 2016 through a research project led by Clive Randall, director of Penn State's Materials Research Institute and distinguished professor of materials science and engineering. Its application to developing solid-state batteries came in 2018, when a postdoctoral scholar in the laboratory of Enrique Gomez, professor of chemical engineering and interim associate dean for equity and inclusion for the College of Engineering, cold sintered ceramic composite electrolytes.

According to Sun, traditional sintering requires temperatures around 80% of the melting point of the material, which for ceramic compounds like LATP can easily reach 900 to 1,000 degrees Celsius.

"For this application, we were able to keep our sintering temperatures very low, around 150 degrees Celsius," Sun said. "This allows us to integrate different kinds of materials into a highly dense form using the cold sintering process, regardless of their distinct processing temperatures."

By sintering the LATP ceramics with PILG gel, Sun's team developed composite SSEs with high ionic conductivity at room temperature, among other strengths.

"In addition to improved conductivity, our polymer-in-ceramic composite SSE showcased a very wide voltage window, between 0 to 5.5 volts," Sun said, explaining that traditional liquid electrolytes have a window of 0 to 4 volts. "The large voltage window of our ceramic SSEs supports the use of high-voltage cathodes, allowing the battery to generate more energy overall."

For Sun, the applications of this cold sintering technology can someday go beyond improving batteries. He said he believes that cold sintering has big implications for how companies approach using ceramic composite materials in general manufacturing, as well as in more specific industries like semiconductor manufacturing.

"Our next goal is to develop a sustainable manufacturing system that supports large-scale production and recyclability, as that will be the key towards industrial applications for this technology," Sun said. "That is the big vision we hope to work towards over the coming years."

Research Report:Probing cold sintering-regulated interfaces and integration of polymer-in-ceramic solid-state electrolytes

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Sydney (AFP) May 2, 2025 - An Australian boatbuilder launched what it described as the world's largest electric-powered ship on Friday, a 130-metre (426-feet) behemoth capable of carrying 2,100 passengers.

Identified by boatbuilder Incat as Hull 096, the aluminium catamaran is powered by more than 250 tonnes of batteries and was built for South American ferry operator Buquebus.

It was designed to carry passengers and up to 225 vehicles across the River Plate between Buenos Aires and Uruguay.

"Hull 096 proves that large-scale, low-emission transport solutions are not only possible, they are ready now," Incat CEO Stephen Casey said in a statement after the launch on Hobart's Derwent River in the island state of Tasmania.

Shipping accounts for nearly three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions that are blamed for global warming, according to the United Nations' shipping body the International Maritime Organization.

IMO member states voted last month in favour of a global pricing system to help curb maritime carbon emissions, with all ships to be required to use a less carbon-intensive fuel mix by 2028 or face financial penalties.

Environmental lobby groups however fear that a switch to biofuels has problems of its own, such as deforestation, and does not go far enough in addressing maritime emissions.

Hull 096's batteries and Energy Storage System (ESS) will provide more than 40 megawatt hours of installed capacity, Incat said. The ESS was built by Finnish engine maker Wartsila and is connected to eight electric-driven waterjets.

"Ferries play a vital role in meeting the growing demand for environmentally sustainable transport options, with ship electrification a key solution for enabling the sector to transition towards net-zero emissions," Wartsila Marine President Roger Holm said in the same statement.

The ship was originally named China Zorilla and was planned to run on liquefied natural gas (LNG) before it was reconfigured to battery power.

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Los Angeles CA (SPX) May 01, 2025 - In a major milestone for the future of fusion power, ITER has finalized assembly of the world's largest and most powerful pulsed superconducting magnet system, with key components contributed by the United States, Russia, Europe, and China.

The last piece of this magnet system-the sixth module of the Central Solenoid-was produced and tested in the U.S. It will soon be integrated into the ITER Tokamak in southern France, where it will function as the system's primary magnetic driver, capable of generating forces strong enough to lift an aircraft carrier.

This central magnet operates alongside six ring-shaped Poloidal Field (PF) magnets, supplied by Russia, Europe, and China. Together, they form the electromagnetic core of the ITER Tokamak reactor, a donut-shaped chamber where fusion reactions will take place. When fully assembled, the magnet system will weigh nearly 3,000 tons.

To produce fusion, a few grams of hydrogen fuel-deuterium and tritium-are injected into the Tokamak. The magnet system then generates a plasma by ionizing the gas and confining it in a magnetic field. External systems heat this plasma to 150 million degrees Celsius, at which point the nuclei begin to fuse, releasing immense energy.

ITER aims to produce 500 megawatts of fusion power from only 50 megawatts of input, achieving a tenfold energy gain and creating a largely self-sustaining "burning plasma." It is a critical step toward realizing commercial fusion energy.

ITER also stands as a rare example of global scientific cooperation. Its seven members-China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, and the United States-have contributed thousands of components built by companies across three continents.

"What makes ITER unique is not only its technical complexity but the framework of international cooperation that has sustained it through changing political landscapes," said ITER Director-General Pietro Barabaschi. "This achievement proves that when humanity faces existential challenges like climate change and energy security, we can overcome national differences to advance solutions."

By April 2025, ITER had met 100% of its construction targets. The first vacuum vessel sector was installed in the Tokamak pit, slightly ahead of schedule. The organization has also launched initiatives to engage the growing private sector in fusion development, including a 2025 workshop to foster public-private technological collaboration.

Members contribute primarily by supplying components. Europe, as host, covers 45% of the project cost. The other members each contribute 9%, with all having full access to the resulting intellectual property. The U.S. built all six Central Solenoid modules and the massive exoskeleton needed to contain its forces, in addition to producing 8% of the Toroidal Field magnet superconductors.

Russia has supplied a 9-meter PF magnet, large quantities of NbTi and Nb3Sn superconductors, high-power busbars, and vacuum vessel port plugs. Europe built four PF magnets, ten Toroidal Field coils, and five vacuum vessel sectors. China manufactured PF6, supplied the majority of PF superconductors, correction coils, and magnet feeders. Japan produced eight Toroidal Field coils, the Central Solenoid's superconducting strands, and its casings. Korea contributed 20% of Toroidal Field superconductors, thermal shields, precision tooling, and four vacuum vessel sectors. India built the 30-meter-high cryostat and provided cryolines, the cooling system, shielding, and plasma heating elements.

In total, ITER's magnet systems include 10,000 tons of superconducting magnets made from over 100,000 kilometers of superconducting strand.

Fusion's electromagnetic heart is now complete.

Research Report:Fusion's Electromagnetic Heart: Technical Specifications of ITER Magnets

]]> Fri, 23 MAY 2025 02:11:12 AEST Subscribe to our daily selection of space, military, environment and energy newsletters responseText http://visitor.constantcontact.com/manage/optin/ea?v=0016gbbKsaiGSpQFojVO8ZoHw%3D%3D